Also called: Clinical depression, major depressive disorder, unipolar depression
Overview
Depression, formally known as major depressive disorder, is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, think, and act. It causes feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed, and can lead to a variety of physical and emotional problems. It's time to delve deeper into understanding depression, its types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and coping strategies.
Types of Depression
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in daily activities.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): A chronic form of depression where mood is consistently low, but symptoms are not as severe as MDD.
Bipolar Disorder: A condition characterized by periods of depression alternating with episodes of mania.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): A type of depression that's related to changes in seasons.
Postpartum Depression: A serious mood disorder experienced by women after giving birth.
Depression: Statistics in India
Depression is a significant public health concern in India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2017, over 45 million people in India were suffering from depression. Due to the stigma associated with mental health disorders, the actual numbers could be higher.
Symptoms of Depression
Depression symptoms can vary among individuals but commonly include:
Persistent feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness, or hopelessness
Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities
Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
Fatigue and lack of energy
Anxiety, agitation, or restlessness
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures
Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions, and remembering things
Diagnosis and Tests
Diagnosis of depression involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes a clinical interview, a physical exam, and sometimes additional tests. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, lists criteria for diagnosing depression.
Treatment
Treatment for depression often involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.
Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) are commonly used. ElloMind, an online therapy platform, provides access to certified therapists skilled in these therapeutic approaches.
Medication: Antidepressants are the medications most often prescribed for depression.
Specialists
If you suspect you have depression, you can reach out to:
Psychiatrists: Medical doctors who specialize in mental health, including depression.
Psychologists: Professionals specializing in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions.
Living With Depression: How to Best Cope
Regular Exercise: Regular physical activity can stimulate mood-enhancing endorphins.
Balanced Diet: Certain foods can impact your mood and energy levels.
Adequate Sleep: Sleep disturbances are common in depression, so strive for quality sleep.
Mindfulness Techniques: Activities such as yoga and meditation can help manage symptoms of depression.
Reach out to Others: Connecting with supportive and understanding people can alleviate feelings of isolation.
Online Therapy: ElloMind offers accessible and professional therapy from the comfort of your home.
FAQs
Is depression the same as being sad?
No, depression is a persistent condition that affects your mental and physical health, while sadness is a normal human emotion that usually occurs in response to specific situations and fades over time.
Can depression lead to other health problems?
Can depression be treated without medication?
References
World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
Mayo Clinic. (2021). Depression (major depressive disorder). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007
Understanding depression is the first step toward conquering it. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, don't hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional.
Remember, platforms like ElloMind are available to provide therapeutic support in your journey towards mental wellbeing. There's no shame in seeking help, and it's never too late to seek treatment. You are not alone in this, and help is readily available.
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